假设您正在采访新的工作申请人，您会觉得有些不对劲。您不能完全放手，但是您对这个人有些不舒服。她说所有正确的事情，她的履历很棒，她将是这份工作的完美雇用 - 除了您的直觉告诉您其他情况。
你应该和你的肠子一起去吗？
在这种情况下，您的默认反应应该是对您的肠道怀疑。研究显示候选人的访谈实际上是未来工作绩效的糟糕指标。
很遗憾，大多数雇主tend to trust their guts over their heads and give jobs to people they like and perceive as part oftheir in-group，而不是仅仅是最合格的申请人。但是，在其他情况下，它实际上确实合理to rely on直觉to make a decision.
然而决策研究表明大多数企业领导者不知道什么时候依靠他们的肠子and when not to. While最多studieshave focused on executives and managers, research shows the same problem applies todoctors,therapists,和其他专业人士。
This is the kind of challenge I encounter whenI consultwith companies on how tobetter handle工作场所关系。我和其他人对决策进行的研究提供了一些线索，涉及我们何时应该（不应该）指向我们的胆量。
肠子或头部
The reactions of our gut are rooted in the more primitive, emotional, and intuitive part of our brains that ensured survival in our ancestral environment.Tribal loyalty对朋友或敌人的立即认识对于在这种环境中蓬勃发展特别有用。
然而，在现代社会中，我们的生存面临的风险要小得多，我们的直觉更有可能迫使我们专注于错误的信息来做出工作场所和其他决定。
For example, is the job candidate mentioned above similar to you in race, gender, socioeconomic background? Even seemingly minor things like clothing choices, speaking style and gesturing can make a big difference in determining how you evaluate another person. According to非语言交流研究，我们喜欢模仿我们的语气，身体运动和单词选择的人。我们的胆量会自动将这些人识别为属于我们部落并对我们友好的人，从而提高了他们在我们眼中的地位。
This quick, automatic reaction of our emotions represents theautopilot systemof thinking, one of thetwo systems of thinkingin our brains. It makes good decisions最多of the time but also regularly makes certain systematic thinking errors that scholars refer to as cognitive biases.
另一个被称为故意体系的思维系统是故意的和反思的。它需要努力才能打开，但它可以捕获和覆盖我们的自动驾驶仪犯下的思维错误。这样，我们可以解决我们的大脑在工作场所关系和其他生活领域中犯的系统错误。
请记住，自动驾驶仪和故意系统只是简化更复杂过程的简化，并且there isdebate about他们如何工作在科学界。但是，对于日常生活，这种系统级别的方法对于帮助我们管理思想，感觉和行为非常有用。
关于部落的忠诚，我们的大脑倾向于因思维错误而被称为“光环效应”，这会导致我们喜欢并认同一些特征to cast a positive “halo” on the rest of the person, and its opposite the “horns effect,” in which one or two negative traits change how we view the whole. Psychologists call this “anchoring，”这意味着我们通过最初印象的锚点来判断这个人。
Overriding the gut
现在让我们回到我们的工作面试示例。
Say that the person went to the same college you did. You are more likely to hit it off. Yet, just because a person is similar to you does not mean she will do a good job. Likewise, just because someone is skilled at conveying friendliness does not mean she will do well at tasks that require technical skills rather than people skills.
The research很明显，我们的直觉并不总是为我们做出最佳决定（对于商业人士带来最大利润）的能力。学者称直觉troublesome decision toolthat requires adjustments to function properly. Such reliance on intuition is especially harmful to workplace diversity and paves the path to bias in hiring, including in terms of种族,disability,性别和性.
Despite the numerous studies showing thatstructured interventions需要克服雇用偏见，unfortunatelybusiness leaders and HR personnel tend to over-rely on unstructured interviews and other intuitive decision-making practices. Due to the autopilot system’s过度自信偏见, a tendency to evaluate our decision-making abilities as better than they are, leaders often go with their guts on hires and other business decisions rather than use analytical decision-making tools that have demonstrably better outcomes.
A good fix is to use your intentional system to超越你的部落敏感性为了做出一个更理性，更少的偏见选择，这将更有可能导致最佳雇用。您可以注意申请人与您不同的方法，并为其提供“积极的观点”或创建结构化访谈with a set of standardized questions asked in the same order to every applicant.
因此，如果您的目标是做出最佳决定，请避免情绪推理，无论实际现实如何，您都会得出一个心理过程，即您的感觉是真实的。
当你的肠道可能正确的时候
Let’s take a different situation. Say you’ve known someone in your work for many years, collaborated with her on a wide variety of projects and have an established relationship. You already have certain stable feelings about that person, so you have a good baseline.
想象一下自己与她谈论潜在的合作。由于某种原因，您比平时不舒服。不是您 - 您心情愉快，良好，感觉还不错。您不确定为什么您对互动不满意，因为显然没有错。这是怎么回事？
您的直觉很可能正在拾起微妙的提示about something being off. Perhaps that person is squinting and not looking you in the eye or smiling less than usual. Our guts are good at picking up such signals, as they are fine-tuned to pick up signs of being excluded from the tribe.
Maybe it’s nothing. Maybe that person is having a bad day or didn’t get enough sleep the night before. However, that person may also be trying to pull the wool over your eyes. When people lie, they behave in ways that are similar to other indicators of discomfort, anxiety and rejection, and it’sreally hard to tellwhat’s causing these signals.
Overall, this is a good time to take your gut reaction into account and be more suspicious than usual.
肠道对我们的决策至关重要，以帮助我们注意到什么时候可能不对劲。然而，在大多数情况下，当我们面对工作场所关系的重大决定时，我们需要比直觉更信任自己的头，以做出最佳决定。
Gleb Tsipursky, assistant professor of history,The Ohio State University.
This article was originally published on对话. Read theoriginal article.