How cookies affect you
我的最新研究试图了解美国如何使用网站cookie通知创造摩擦并影响用户行为.
To do this research, I looked to the concept of mindless compliance, an idea made infamous by Yale psychologist Stanley Milgram.Milgram’s experiments—now considered a radical breach of research ethics—asked participants to administer electric shocks to fellow study takers in order to test obedience to authority.
米尔格拉姆（Milgram）的研究表明，人们经常同意当局的要求，而无需先审议这是否正确。在一个例行的情况下，我怀疑这也是网站cookie的情况。
I conducted a large, nationally representative experiment that presented users with a boilerplate browser cookie pop-up message, similar to one you may have encountered on your way to read this article.
I evaluated whether the cookie message triggered an emotional response—either anger or fear, which are both expected responses to online friction. And then I assessed how these cookie notifications influenced internet users’ willingness to express themselves online.
在线表达是民主生活的核心，various types of internet monitoring are known to suppress it.
The results showed that cookie notifications triggered strong feelings of anger and fear, suggesting that website cookies are no longer perceived as the helpful online tool they were designed to be. Instead, they are a hindrance to accessing information and making informed choices about one’s privacy permissions.
而且，正如怀疑的那样，cookie通知还减少了人们对表达意见，搜索信息并反对现状的愿望。
Cookie solutions
Legislation regulating cookie notifications like theEU’s General Data Protection Regulation和California Consumer Privacy Actwere designed with the public in mind. But notification of online tracking is creating an unintentional boomerang effect.
有三种设计选择可以提供帮助。首先，让同意Cookie更加注意，因此人们更了解将收集哪些数据以及如何使用数据。这将涉及将网站cookie的默认值从选择退出为选择加入，以便想要使用cookie来改善自己的体验的人们可以自愿这样做。
Second, cookie permissions change regularly, and what data is being requested and how it will be used should be front and center.
第三，美国互联网用户应拥有被遗忘的权利，或者有权删除有关其原始意图有害或不使用的在线信息，包括通过跟踪cookie收集的数据。这是《通用数据保护法规》中授予的一项规定，但并未扩展到美国互联网用户。
同时，我建议人们阅读Cookie使用的条款和条件，并仅接受必要的内容。
伊丽莎白·斯托伊奇夫（Elizabeth Stoycheff）是韦恩州立大学的传播副教授。
本文从对话在创意共享许可下。阅读original article.